{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:45:57Z","timestamp":1791985557764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Permanent cardiac pacing in children is commonly indicated in high\u2010grade atrioventricular block. These patients require long\u2010term ventricular pacing (Vp), multiple device changes, and lead revisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe a single pediatric center's 30\u2010year experience with permanent pacemaker implantation, focusing on long\u2010term device\u2010associated complications (DACs) and pacing\u2010induced cardiomyopathy (PIC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Patients with permanent pacemakers followed between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2024 were included. Primary outcomes were DAC and PIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010three patients underwent 113 pacemaker lead implantations; 51 (96.2%) had epicardial systems. Median follow\u2010up was 12\u2009years (interquartile range [IQR] 9\u201319\u2009years). Median age at first pacemaker implantation was 16\u2009months (IQR 2\u2009months to 7.7\u2009years). Congenital complete heart block was the most common indication (26 [49%]), followed by postoperative complete heart block (17 [32%]). Freedom from lead\u2010associated complications was 85% and 83% at 5 and 10\u2009years, respectively. Eight (15%) patients developed PIC. All patients with PIC had concomitant congenital heart disease (CHD) (8\/8). CHD was present in 28.9% (13\/45) of patients without PIC. Recovery of ventricular function occurred in two patients following pacing modification, but not in those managed with medical therapy alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pediatric cohort with predominantly epicardial pacing systems, long\u2010term DAC rates were acceptable. PIC occurred primarily in patients with CHD. These findings support careful pacing strategy selection and long\u2010term surveillance in children requiring permanent pacing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.70459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:06:23Z","timestamp":1789794383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Permanent Cardiac Pacing in Children: A 30\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up Retrospective Study in a Single Pediatric Asian Center"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahui Charmaine","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiology KK Women's and Children's Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyan Zhewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiology KK Women's and Children's Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3860-0154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koh Zhi","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreekanthan","family":"Sundararaghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiology KK Women's and Children's Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Tze Liang","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiology KK Women's and Children's Hospital  Singapore 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