{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:53:47Z","timestamp":1761418427762},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]],"date-time":"2006-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Basic Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Virulence of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> strains can be tested using a mouse model of haematogenously disseminated <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> cells. Initial steps of host\u2010pathogen contact such as adhesion and colonization are not taken into account due to the injection of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> cells into the blood stream. Here we describe an assay, based on the <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> usage of porcine intestinal epithelium (PIE), that is useful to monitor the early stages of a <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infection. The ability of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> to undergo morphogenetic switching between yeast and hyphal stages is thought to contribute to its virulence. We found that hyphal formation was required to allow cells to colonize the PIE. The non\u2010filamentous mutant strains <jats:italic>efg1\/cph1<\/jats:italic> which lacks two of the central transcription factors that are required to promote hyphal growth and <jats:italic>wal1 <\/jats:italic> that carries a deletion of the <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> homolog of the human Wiskott\u2010Aldrich Syndrome Protein and is deficient in endocytosis showed only weak adherence. Furthermore, the <jats:italic>wal1<\/jats:italic> mutant was found to be reduced in virulence using the mouse tail vein injection assay. We also analyzed the colonization properties of a variety of other mutant strains carrying deletions of either secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP)\u2010family genes or amino acid permease encoding genes (<jats:italic>GAP1, SSY1,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PUT4<\/jats:italic>). Interestingly, the <jats:italic>nag5<\/jats:italic> strain which lacks an N\u2010acetylglucosamine kinase showed enhanced filamentation and invasive growth as well as increased resistance against farnesol. (\u00a9 2006 WILEY\u2010VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.200610167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]],"date-time":"2006-11-30T15:34:16Z","timestamp":1164900856000},"page":"513-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of the Porcine Intestinal Epithelium (PIE)\u2010Assay to analyze early stages of colonization by the human fungal pathogen <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Wendland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sickinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yona","family":"Shadkchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Osherov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tretiakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Peter","family":"Saluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.3.1.135-143.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.6.1131S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-2-497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2005.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00328721"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.7.2982-2992.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(98)94063-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2001.0478"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.250452997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80358-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03845.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.21.9435-9446.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4938-4940.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.9.3539-3546.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3227-3234.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaub Y. 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