{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:33:01Z","timestamp":1781933581281,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Basic Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present work was to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated from <jats:italic>Mespilus germanica<\/jats:italic> extract against multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains. Fifty strains of <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were isolated from various clinical specimens. Biofilm\u2010forming strains were identified using Congo red agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of phytosynthesized AgNPs on MDR <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains was investigated by broth microdilution assay and agar well\u2010diffusion method. Finally (in the last step), the antibiofilm activity of phytosynthesized AgNPs was determined using microtiter plate assay and real\u2010time PCR (RT\u2010PCR) methods for the analysis of type 3 fimbriae (<jats:italic>mrkA<\/jats:italic>) and quorum\u2010sensing system (<jats:italic>luxS<\/jats:italic>) gene expression. The results of this study showed that the phytosynthesized AgNPs had a spherical nanostructure with the mean size of 17.60\u2009nm. The AgNPs exhibited dose\u2010dependent antibacterial activity. The results of the microtiter plate and RT\u2010PCR methods show that AgNPs inhibited the biofilm formation in MDR <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains, and the expressions of <jats:italic>mrkA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>luxS<\/jats:italic> genes were downregulated significantly in MDR strains after treatment with a subminimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs effectively prevent the formation of biofilms and kill bacteria in established biofilms, which suggests that AgNPs might be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of biofilm\u2010related infections caused by MDR <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.201900511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T08:58:29Z","timestamp":1580288309000},"page":"216-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["<b>Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated from<\/b><i><b>Mespilus germanica<\/b><\/i><b>extract against multidrug resistance of<\/b><i><b>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/b><\/i><b>clinical 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