{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T06:17:57Z","timestamp":1793341077703,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Basic Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antibacterial drug resistance is considered one of the biggest threats to\u00a0human health worldwide, and the overuse of antibiotics accelerates this problem. Multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming harder to treat\u00a0as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate novel methods to control MDR bacteria. In this study, 40 bacterial isolates were collected from diabetic patients. The sensitivity of 40 bacterial isolates to seven antibiotics was evaluated. Four bacterial isolates were resistant to all antibiotic groups. The MDR pathogenic bacteria were selected and identified morphologically and biochemically\u00a0and confirmed by VITEK\u00ae 2 system as follows:\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    W35,\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    D31,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    DF30, and\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    B40. Identification of the most resistant\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa D31<\/jats:italic>\n                    was confirmed by the sequencing of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene with an accession number (MW241596). The inhibitory activity of eight types of native grown plant extracts against MDR bacteria was studied. Clove alcoholic extract (CAE) showed the highest inhibitory activity against MDR bacteria. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis of partially purified CAE at 0.9\u2009Rf detected by thin\u2010layer chromatography showed an active compound named hexadecenoic acid methyl ester with the highest antimicrobial effect against clinical pathogenic bacteria. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by CAE was studied. Evaluation of AgNPs was investigated by X\u2010ray diffraction, UV\u2013Vis, and transmission electron microscopy. The antibacterial effect of AgNPs after 2, 4, and 6 days in light and dark conditions was evaluated. Finally, the AgNPs synthesized using CAE possess\u00a0good inhibition activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria. As a result, the bactericidal components listed above were promising in reducing MDR bacteria and can be used for treatments of bacterial infection and in the development of safe products with a natural base.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T15:59:11Z","timestamp":1618847951000},"page":"557-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":256,"title":["Antibacterial activities of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and green\u2010synthesized silver nanoparticles against multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mohamed T.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"Ghaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0079-0343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Fahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science Menoufia University  Menoufia Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants6020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Medicinal plants: future source of new drugs","volume":"4","author":"Shakya AK","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Herb Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(14)60215-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2228-5326-2-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Introduction to Microbiology. I. The Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases. Guidelines to Practice and Management in \u201cColor Atlas and Text Book of Diagnosis Microbiology\u201d","author":"Koneman EW","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2019","journal-title":"CLSI document"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02303-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2650030302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy of Syzygium aromaticum extracts on multi\u2010drug resistant Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental plaque samples","volume":"3","author":"Prakash D","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biochem Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-013-0276-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2008.1051.1056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Nosocomial infections among patients admitted in general ICU: study from a tertiary care hospital in South India","volume":"5","author":"Reddy PS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Pub Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/biotech.2013.65.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216689828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Screening for the antimicrobial activities of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of some common spices in Egypt","volume":"3","author":"Ismail M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Effects of different levels of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) dietary supplementation on immunity, antioxidant status, and performance in broiler chickens","volume":"54","author":"Mahrous H","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alex J Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2019.91216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14356007.a10_245.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60769-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum leaf extract and their characterization","volume":"6","author":"Mallikarjuna K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig J Nanomater Bios"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.4867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.06.005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jobm.202100061","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jobm.202100061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jobm.202100061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T08:59:25Z","timestamp":1693385965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jobm.202100061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jobm.202100061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.202100061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0233-111X","1521-4028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0233-111X","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}