{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:04Z","timestamp":1786978024944,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Basic Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The vaginal microbiome is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that fluctuates continually throughout a woman's life.\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a bacterium that possesses antibacterial properties dominates a healthy vaginal microbiome. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder that has been linked with the dysbiosis of normal vaginal microbiota. Despite the importance of vaginal microbiome, little is known about functions it performs especially, how it helps in protecting the female reproductive tract. This knowledge gap is a significant impediment to the development of effective and feasible clinical treatments that might be required to improve women's health. Thus, a deeper understanding of the functional aspects and not just the composition of vaginal microbiome may aid in improving the diagnostics and treatment strategies. Recent advancement in molecular methods and computational biology have allowed researchers to acquire more knowledge about the vaginal microbiome. The use of metagenomics (culture\u2010independent high\u2010throughput technology) and bioinformatics tools have improved our understanding of the vaginal microbiome. In this review, we have attempted to explore the factors that may alter normal vaginal microbiota homeostasis such as age, sexual behavior, ethnicity, and hygiene, and so forth. We also discuss the role of probiotics in restoring healthy vaginal microbiome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202100421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T19:54:19Z","timestamp":1636660459000},"page":"1071-1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Insights into the role of vaginal microbiome in women's health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Namrata","family":"Deka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saqib","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)  New Delhi India"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Seghal Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Selvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1238-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150157"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271694"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.081034-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00181"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1237332"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-012-0084-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110879"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz342"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0337-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Factors associated with recurrent bacterial vaginosis","volume":"55","author":"Klatt TE","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rep Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Diagnostic value of Amsel's clinical criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis","volume":"7","author":"Mohammadzadeh F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with Chlamydia and Gonorrhea infections","volume":"3","author":"Bautista CT","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S23814"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw159"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000060"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-471"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318156a5d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14943-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182117c9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90135-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-1861-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e3182656991"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00081"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3525-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110879"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00097-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0b013e3182a4690b"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Focus: microbiome: unraveling the dynamics of the human vaginal microbiome","volume":"89","author":"Nunn KL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026602"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00193"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55720-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500161"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008838412423"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.17.1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000024256.48104.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115234"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-7472-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.00729"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248136"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001037"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a023051","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a023051","article-title":"The perinatal microbiome and pregnancy: moving beyond the vaginal microbiome","volume":"5","author":"Prince AL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0450-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01031"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16865"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Isolation of aerobic bacteria from the placenta","volume":"23","author":"Kovalovszki L","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Acad Sci Hung"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Translocation of vaginal microbiota is involved in impairment and protection of uterine health","volume":"12","author":"Wang J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of delivery mode on the colostrum microbiota composition","volume":"1","author":"Toscano M","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0498-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07882-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13331"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490843"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4039"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05574-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05324-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09842-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05142-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238705"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15981"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001932"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187612"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171856"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55929-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","first-page":"e3077","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and factors associated among women who have sex with women","volume":"26","author":"Ignacio MA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagen"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191625"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","first-page":"19703","article-title":"Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome","volume":"24","author":"Fashemi B","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210825"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745505717731011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005047"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030757"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652763"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-013-3064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410022249"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0723-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6118\/jmm.2017.23.3.139"}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jobm.202100421","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jobm.202100421","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jobm.202100421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:11:39Z","timestamp":1693188699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jobm.202100421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jobm.202100421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.202100421","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0233-111X","1521-4028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0233-111X","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}