{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:22:25Z","timestamp":1740104545451,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Basic Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxin\u2013antitoxin (TA) systems, present in plasmids and bacterial chromosomes, are widespread in bacteria such as <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> and are known to be involved in growth regulation, bacterial tolerance to environmental stress conditions as well as biofilm formation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of TA systems in drought condition stress in <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> isolates. The presence of TA systems including <jats:italic>mazF\/mazE<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>yobQ\/yobR<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> (strain 168) was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. TA system expression at 438 and 548\u2009g\/L of ethylene glycol concentrations was evaluated using real\u2010time PCR method and <jats:italic>sigB<\/jats:italic> gene was used as internal control. The expression rate (fold change) of <jats:italic>maz<\/jats:italic>F toxin gene treated with 438 and 548\u2009g\/L of ethylene glycol was 6 and 8.4, respectively. This indicates an increase in the expression of this toxin in drought stress condition. Also, the fold change of <jats:italic>mazE<\/jats:italic> antitoxin in the treatment with 438 and 548\u2009g\/L of ethylene glycol was 8.6 and 5, respectively. While <jats:italic>yobQ\/yobR<\/jats:italic> showed a decrease in expression in 438 and 548\u2009g\/L of ethylene glycol concentrations. So that the highest expression reduction (8.3) was observed for <jats:italic>yobQ<\/jats:italic> gene at the concentration of 548\u2009g\/L of ethylene glycol. Results of this study revealed the significant role of <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> TA systems in drought stress which can be considered as the resistance mechanism of this bacterium under stress conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202300120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T21:27:52Z","timestamp":1685395672000},"page":"909-914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the role of <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i> type II toxin\u2013antitoxin system in drought stress survival"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Rozhin","family":"Nasehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran 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