{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:06:47Z","timestamp":1790651207891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Basic Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the <jats:italic>Orthopoxvirus<\/jats:italic> genus. The recent occurrence of Mpox infections has become a significant global issue in recent months. Despite being an old disease with a low mortality rate, the ongoing multicountry outbreak is atypical due to its occurrence in nonendemic countries. The current review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the literature pertaining to MPXV, with the aim of consolidating the existing data on the virus's epidemiological, biological, and clinical characteristics, as well as vaccination and treatment regimens against the virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202300455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T03:35:00Z","timestamp":1698032100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Human monkeypox: An updated appraisal on epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1339-5537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Government Postgraduate College Mandian Abbottabad Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momina","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Bioinformatics Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmoona","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology The University of Haripur  Haripur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pir T.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Shanxi University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rani","family":"Faryal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","article-title":"Monkeypox: a comprehensive review of transmission, pathogenesis, and manifestation","volume":"14","author":"Kaler J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21943"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7203a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info14010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imj.2022.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"A comprehensive review on rising concern of transmission potential of monkeypox virus on healthcare system","volume":"12","author":"Goyal R","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indo Glob\u00a0J\u00a0Pharmaceutical Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Monkeypox (Mpox) re\u2010emergence: prevalence, diagnostics, countermeasures, and its global effect","volume":"7","author":"Amir M","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07900-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427805"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00006-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28533"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Smallpox and monkeypox in non\u2010human primates","volume":"39","author":"Arita I","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2208860"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Human monkeypox, 1970\u201079","volume":"58","author":"Breman JG","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.37.1.1-18.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit703"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011720"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27902"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2095309"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","first-page":"561","volume-title":"Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc060792"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.121220"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30294-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa143"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111257"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191387"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa559"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","unstructured":"Second meeting of the International Health Regulations\u00a0(IHR).\u00a0Emergency Committee regarding the multi\u2010country outbreak of monkeypox. 2005\u00a0[2023\u00a0Feb 26]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/23-07-2022-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-(ihr)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200448"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101710"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","unstructured":"2022\u201323 Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak: global trends. 2023\u00a0[2023 Feb 27]. Available from:https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/mpx_global\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","unstructured":"2022 Global map & case count. 2023 [2023 Feb 27]. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/monkeypox\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01436-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072410","article-title":"Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series","volume":"378","author":"Patel A","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00153-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100283"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02075-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","unstructured":"Monkeypox. 2023\u00a0[cited 2023 Feb 28]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/monkeypox"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080924"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","volume-title":"Human monkeypox","author":"Je\u017eek Z","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130118"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92315-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00776-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103975"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.070175"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505880"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-019-01459-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps33138"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00092-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00034-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00513-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00586-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00794-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112393"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-261"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020388"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001769"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1037598"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00659-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01907-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28036"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01181-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10122091"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.150579"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","article-title":"Estimating the incubation period of monkeypox virus during the multi\u2010national outbreak","author":"Charniga K","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7123e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2809.221051"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017311"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases.\u00a0Monkeypox: a neglected old foe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:913.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00377-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-022-04348-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.03.994"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101644"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2005.00254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21494"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009405"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096930"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.7.867-872.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120380"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1819791"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705688"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060533"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v3020063"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02012-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Tecovirimat, a p37 envelope protein inhibitor for the treatment of smallpox infection","volume":"13","author":"Duraffour S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest\u00a0Drugs J"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00603"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","unstructured":"FDA. FDA approves VIG for smallpox shot complications. Silver Spring: FDA;\u00a02023. Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/news-perspective\/2005\/02\/fda-approves-vig-smallpox-shot-complications"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v4050688"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","first-page":"660","article-title":"A critical review on changing epidemiology of human monkeypox\u2014a current threat with multi\u2010country outbreak","volume":"13","author":"Dubey A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00775-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7122e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6510a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac310"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11221","article-title":"Newer poxvirus vaccine is recommended","volume":"328","author":"Kuehn BM","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00574-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jobm.202300455","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T02:15:41Z","timestamp":1707704141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jobm.202300455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jobm.202300455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.202300455","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0233-111X","1521-4028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0233-111X","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2300455"}}