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Therefore, it is always desirable to try to find new and effective treatments. The aim of this research is to determine the antileishmanial effect of ZnO particles in comparison to the Antimoan Meglumine compound on promastigotes and amastigotes of <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> (MRHO\/IR\/75\/ER). After the extraction and purification of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of C57BL\/6 mice, <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> parasites were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute\u20101640 culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) 10% and antibiotic. In this experimental study, the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles was investigated using the 3\u2010[4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl]\u20102,5\u2010diphenyl\u2010tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method, in comparison to the glucantime on promastigotes, amastigotes and healthy macrophages in the culture medium. The amount of light absorption of the obtained color from the regeneration of tetrazolium salt to the product color of formazan by the parasite was measured by an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader, and the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value was calculated. IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> after 24\u2009h of incubation was calculated as IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009358.6\u2009\u00b5g\/mL. The results showed, that the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles was favorable and dose\u2010dependent. The concentration of 500\u2009\u00b5g\/mL of ZnO nanoparticles induced 84.67% apoptosis after 72. Also, the toxicity of nanoparticles was less than the drug. Nanoparticles exert their cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis. They can be suitable candidates in the pharmaceutical industry in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202300490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T17:09:08Z","timestamp":1705424948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of biosynthetic zinc oxide nanoparticle and glucantime cytotoxic effects on <i>Leishmania major<\/i> (MRHO\/IR\/75\/ER)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Kheirandish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of 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