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In recent years, due to the influence of atmospheric circulation anomalies and other factors, drought has become frequent and increasingly serious in China. This has posed serious challenges to peanut production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of the endophytic fungus <jats:italic>Piriformospora indica<\/jats:italic> to form a symbiotic relationship with peanut plants and to evaluate the drought tolerance of <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic>\u2010colonized peanut plants subjected to a simulated drought stress treatment using 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000). The endophytic fungus <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic> affected the physiological characteristics of the host plant by colonizing the plant roots, thereby conferring greater resistance to drought stress. This fungus strongly colonized the roots of peanuts and was found to enhance root activity after 24\u2009h of <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic> colonization under PEG6000. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were increased at 24\u2009h in peanut leaves colonized with <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic>. Expression of drought\u2010related genes, such as <jats:italic>AhNCED1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>AhP5CS<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>DREB2A<\/jats:italic> was upregulated at 24\u2009h of <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic> colonization. In addition, after PEG6000 treatment, proline, soluble protein, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in plants were increased, while the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was decreased in <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic> colonized peanut. In conclusion, <jats:italic>P. indica<\/jats:italic> mediated peanut plant protection against the detrimental effects of drought resulted from enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and the upregulated expression of drought\u2010related genes for lower membrane damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202400305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:43:38Z","timestamp":1729665818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Peanut\u2010Colonized <i>Piriformospora indica<\/i> Enhanced Drought Tolerance by Modulating the Enzymes and Expression of Drought\u2010Related Genes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory for Extreme\u2010Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 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