{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:33:44Z","timestamp":1791477224747,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Soil\u2010borne plant pathogens are the most damaging pathogens responsible for severe crop damage. A conventional chemotherapy approach to these pathogens has numerous environmental issues, while biological control agents (BCAs) are less promising under field conditions. There is an immediate need to develop an integrated strategy for utilizing nanoparticles and biocontrol to manage soil\u2010borne pathogens, such as <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> wilt, effectively. Simulation of BCA metabolites to nanoparticle biocontrol metabolites is considered the most effective biocontrol approach. Combining Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles and <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic> in nursery and field conditions manages pathogens and increases plant growth characteristics. The present study evaluated the commercial biocontrol strains and the use of NPFe in combination with <jats:italic>Trichoderma harzianum<\/jats:italic> to enhance the biocontrol potential of <jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic> against soil\u2010borne pathogens. The effectiveness of (NPFe\u2009+\u2009<jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>) was evaluated under in vitro conditions where combination was found most effective upto (87.63%) mycelial growth inhibition of pathogen and under field conditions lowest pooled <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> wilt incidence (19.54%) was recorded. Nanocomposites are beneficial for agricultural sustainability and environmental safety by upregulating the expression of genes linked to these processes, Fe NPs can activate plant defense mechanisms and increase plant resistance to pathogenic invasions. Additionally, as iron is a necessary component for plant growth and development, Fe NPs promote better nutrient uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202400613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T05:45:46Z","timestamp":1737351946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Combination of \u03b1\u2010Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> NP and <i>Trichoderma<\/i> sp. Improves Antifungal Activity Against <i>Fusarium<\/i> Wilt"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sushma","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture Eternal University Baru Sahib India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Akal College of Basic Sciences Eternal University Baru Sahib India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamta","family":"Shandilya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Materials Science Shoolini University Solan India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sapna","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture Eternal University Baru Sahib India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahkashan","family":"Perveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture Eternal University Baru Sahib India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubair","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Hindu College Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1553-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riyaz","family":"Sayyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, College of Arts and Science University of Nizwa Nizwa Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8862-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Mastinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"\u201cFAOSTAT \u201d Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018 p. 403 http:\/\/faostat.fao.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/jash.12816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"The Fusarium Laboratory Manual","author":"Leslie J. F.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijcnis.2019.04.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-014-0481-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-010-0566-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2014.12.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.3.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793292022501132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50871-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44421"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mycobiosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles","volume":"1","author":"Das K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanoscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2016.00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822012000100005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22620-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c07349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2011.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference","author":"Sastry R. K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/b76-039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-005-2940-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"867","article-title":"Identification of Aspergillus Species Using Morphological Characteristics","volume":"23","author":"Diba K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4754549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.052639-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Sub\u2010Inhibitory Concentration of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Lacks Post Antifungal Effect for Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans and Stimulates the Growth of Aspergillus niger","volume":"5","author":"Kazempour Z. B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23570"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA23425E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2024.100776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafr.2022.100390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-023-00957-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-023-02783-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12060965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae7110475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"623","volume-title":"Growth, and Development Under Stress Condition and Forward Dimensions","author":"Nasab B.","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Phyto\u2010Mediated Silver Nanoparticles via Melissa officinalis Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties Against Infectious Bacterial Strains","volume":"9","author":"Nayeri F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Advances in Biology and Biomedical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-022-02530-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/opag-2022-0332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 41","author":"Rasouli H.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114997"}],"container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jobm.202400613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T10:47:30Z","timestamp":1744022850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jobm.202400613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jobm.202400613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jobm.202400613","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0233-111X","1521-4028"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0233-111X","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4028","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2400613"}}