{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:03:42Z","timestamp":1765382622873,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drought stress poses significant risks to agricultural productivity by reducing soil moisture availability. Bacterial polymers, such as \u03b3\u2010polyglutamic acid (\u03b3\u2010PGA), have effectively enhanced soil moisture retention and promoted agricultural resilience. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> FSO3, a glutamate\u2010independent \u03b3\u2010polyglutamic acid (\u03b3\u2010PGA) producer, and to evaluate the potential of its \u03b3\u2010PGA\u2010rich fermentation medium for soil moisture retention. The strain produced up to 2.24\u2009g\/L \u03b3\u2010PGA without external glutamate supplementation. Under polyethylene glycol\u20106000 (PEG\u20106000)\u2010induced water\u2010deficit conditions, <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> FSO3 demonstrated moderate drought tolerance, with a 50% reduction in maximum biomass at 20% PEG\u20106000. Interestingly, \u03b3\u2010PGA yield increased from 1.6\u2009g\/L at 5% PEG\u20106000 to 2.3\u2009g\/L at 20%. The \u03b3\u2010PGA\u2010rich fermentation medium, applied at 100\u2009mg \u03b3\u2010PGA\/kg of soil sustained soil moisture levels above 60% for approximately 33% longer than the control. These findings highlight the potential of the \u03b3\u2010PGA\u2010rich fermentation medium produced by <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> FSO3 as a promising and cost\u2010effective solution for enhancing soil water retention under drought conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T01:25:33Z","timestamp":1747013133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of \u03b3\u2010polyglutamic Acid Produced by Drought Tolerant <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i> FSO3 on Soil Moisture Retention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6462-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Oluwakorede","family":"Opadokun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 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