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The rise of antibiotic\u2010resistant bacteria has prompted microbiologists to devise new strategies, with bacteriophages emerging as one of the most promising options. Nevertheless, certain mechanisms have been identified in bacteria that confer resistance to phages. While phage resistance is currently less widespread than antibiotic resistance, challenges such as biofilm formation, newly emerging resistance mechanisms against phages, and the natural limitations of unmodified phages have driven the advancement of engineered phages. This study aims to examine the efficacy of engineered phages and both engineered and recombinant endolysins against carbapenem\u2010resistant Gram\u2010negative bacteria (CR\u2010GNB). We performed a literature review through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, concentrating on studies that utilized these agents against carbapenem\u2010resistant Gram\u2010negative bacteria (CR\u2010GNB). Reviewed studies indicate potential antibacterial activity of these agents against CR\u2010GNB. By engineering and modifying phages, these agents exhibit improved antimicrobial efficacy, temperature stability, and membrane permeability. Furthermore, they demonstrate the ability to eliminate bacteria with multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) and extensively drug\u2010resistant (XDR) profiles. These findings suggest the promising potential of engineered phages and endolysins for future clinical applications against CR\u2010GNB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T04:28:42Z","timestamp":1753244922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Engineered Phages and Engineered and Recombinant Endolysins Against Carbapenem\u2010Resistant Gram\u2010Negative Bacteria: A Focused Review on Novel Antibacterial Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9866-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid Taati","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Shahkolahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israa A.","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Research Center University of Technology\u2010Iraq Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsieh","family":"Asgharihajimahalleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Islamic Azad University \u2010 Tonekabon Branch  Mazandaran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazale","family":"Khodadadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Moghbeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Sabzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahla","family":"Shahbazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Advances in Clinical Immunology, Medical Microbiology, COVID\u201019, and Big Data","author":"Suay\u2010Garc\u00eda B.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"D. 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