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These pollutants contribute to environmental toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. While physicochemical treatments are commonly employed for dye and heavy metal removal, bioremediation using microorganisms offers a sustainable and eco\u2010friendly alternative. Diverse microbial groups, including bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, can degrade textile pollutants through specialized metabolic pathways. However, biodegradation efficiency is often influenced by dye toxicity, environmental stress, and microbial diversity. Sulfate\u2010reducing bacteria (SRBs) have emerged as promising agents for bioremediation due to their metabolic versatility. SRBs reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H\u2082S), which reacts with heavy metals to form insoluble metal sulfides, enabling their effective removal from wastewater. SRBs are also capable of decolourizing textile dyes\u2014particularly azo dyes and, to a lesser extent, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, and sulfur dyes\u2014thereby enhancing their capacity for pollutant degradation and heavy metal removal. Understanding the role of SRBs requires a thorough knowledge of the sulfur cycle, including biogeochemical pathways, reduction mechanisms, and the genes and enzymes involved. Sulfur itself holds significant importance in agriculture and industry, further emphasizing the relevance of SRBs in environmental remediation. 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