{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:51:33Z","timestamp":1790725893816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Metarhizium rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    are entomopathogenic fungi that are widely present in nature. Due to their excellent insecticidal activity, they have been widely developed as microbial preparations and utilized in the biological control of pests. To clarify differences in pathogenicity between\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    , third\u2010instar larvae were subjected to immersion treatments, whereas fifth\u2010instar larvae were inoculated via injection with various doses of fungal strains\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    AJS91881 and\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    SXBN200920. Our results demonstrated differential virulence between fungal species depending on the infection method. Specifically, in immersion assays,\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed significantly higher pathogenicity compared with\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Survival assessments of mixed\u2010infection groups (1:9, 1:1, and 9:1) revealed reduced larval LT\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values corresponding to elevated proportions of\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Conversely,\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited significantly enhanced pathogenicity relative to\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in injection assays, with higher proportions of\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (9:1, 1:1, 1:9 groups) resulting in reduced LT\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values. GM diversity analysis further illustrated distinct microbiota alterations correlated with varying fungal ratios. Divergent virulence observed between immersion and injection protocols likely stems from fundamentally different infection mechanisms employed by\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In vitro cultivation experiments demonstrated superior growth of\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus,\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more pathogenic in intra\u2010hemoceol injection bioassay, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated greater efficacy in immersion bioassay. Overall, this study provides preliminary evidence for differential pathogenicity mechanisms between\n                    <jats:italic>B. bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M. rileyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    toward\n                    <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae, contributing important knowledge for agricultural biocontrol programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:16:13Z","timestamp":1761070573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insect Gut Microbiota Diversity Reveals Differences in Pathogenicity Between\n                    <i>Metarhizium rileyi<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Beauveria 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