{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:25:09Z","timestamp":1769711109292,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Basic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The emergence of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) bacteria is facilitated by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture. This study assessed antibiotic resistance profiles and heavy metal responses of bacteria isolated on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar from six sample types across three fish farms, yielding 51 isolates belonging to nine genera and 12 bacterial classes, with\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the most predominant genus. Although they appeared as Gram\u2010positive on TCBS agar, 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed their taxonomic identity, indicating that TCBS selectivity requires reevaluation. Half of the isolates were multidrug\u2010resistant (50.98%), and MDR and MAR index &gt;0.2 were more frequent in Gram\u2010negative (71%) than in Gram\u2010positive isolates (33%). The most prevalent resistance determinants were\n                    <jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>\n                    (62.7%) and\n                    <jats:italic>tetA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (54.9%), while only one isolate carried a carbapenemase gene. Biofilm formation was observed in 80.4% of isolates. Heavy metal susceptibility followed the order Cd\u00b2\u207a\u2009&gt;\u2009Cr\u2076\u207a\u2009&gt;\u2009Zn\u00b2\u207a\u2009&gt;\u2009Pb\u00b2\u207a, and co\u2010exposure to Cd\u00b2\u207a, Zn\u00b2\u207a, and Cr\u2076\u207a (40\u2009ppm) significantly increased resistance to imipenem. These findings indicate that aquaculture environments may act as reservoirs for co\u2010resistant pathogens, posing potential risks to food safety and public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T07:05:39Z","timestamp":1769670339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial Diversity in Fish Farms: Relation to Biofilm Formation, Antibiotic Resistance, and Heavy Metal Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"family":"Salman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afroja","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Gazipur Agricultural University  Gazipur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Rahatuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9929-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasnimul Arabi","family":"Anik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humaira","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anowara","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture Vol.40 (FAO 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70711"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Aqua Drugs and Antibiotics Used in Freshwater Aquaculture of North Chittagong, Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Kawsar M. 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