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In this study,\n                    <jats:italic>Rhodococcus erythropolis<\/jats:italic>\n                    KB1 was cultured with n\u2010eicosane as the sole carbon source at 4\u00b0C, 16\u00b0C, and 30\u00b0C for 5, 10, and 15 days. Degradation performance, growth\u2010associated traits, surface tension, membrane permeability, redox\u2010energy metabolism, key enzyme activities, and putative GC\u2013MS signals were evaluated. KB1 showed the highest n\u2010eicosane degradation efficiency at 30\u00b0C, reaching 86.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21% by Day 15, accompanied by enhanced biomass accumulation, protein content, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) contents, and Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase activities. Notably, KB1 retained substantial low\u2010temperature degradation capacity, achieving 60.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44% degradation at 4\u00b0C by Day 15. Correlation analysis indicated that degradation efficiency was associated with membrane permeability, reducing\u2010power supply, ion\u2010transport activity, biomass accumulation, and interfacial regulation rather than a single enzymatic response. Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis detected 23 putative compounds, including shorter\u2010chain alkane\u2010related signals, fatty alcohols, and fatty acid methyl esters, supporting a pathway involving terminal oxidation, \u03b2\u2010oxidation, and downstream tricarboxylic acid (TCA)\u2010cycle\u2010related metabolism. Overall,\n                    <jats:italic>R. erythropolis<\/jats:italic>\n                    KB1 coordinates membrane\u2010interface remodeling, redox\u2010energy coupling, ion transport, and oxidative transformation to sustain n\u2010eicosane degradation across temperature gradients. These findings identify KB1 as a promising cold\u2010adapted microbial resource for petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:11:36Z","timestamp":1789557096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanisms Underlying Efficient n\u2010Eicosane Degradation and Physiological Adaptation in\n                    <i>Rhodococcus erythropolis<\/i>\n                    KB1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University 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