{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:45:46Z","timestamp":1778633146519,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Climatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in daily extreme temperatures have been identified in many studies conducted at local, regional or global scales. For Romanian territory, only little research on this issue was done. In this article, the extra\u2010Carpathians regions of Romania located southward and eastward from the Carpathians Chain were considered. This study is focused on analyzing daily extreme temperature trends at a regional scale (eastern, southern and southeastern regions of Romania) across 50 years (1961\u20132010). Data sets of daily minimum and maximum temperature recorded in 14 weather stations were analyzed. The main goal was to find changes in extreme daily temperatures using a set of 20 indices adopted from the core indices developed by ETCCDMI with appropriate modifications to suit to the analyzed territory. The main results suggest that regional temperature trends at the scale of extra\u2010Carpathians areas of Romania are similar to those calculated for global and European continental scales; the climate has become warmer during the last decades. It has been identified that both extreme daily maximum and minimum temperatures have increased in the analyzed areas. For all the indices related to hot temperature most trends are significantly positive. The strongest increase was detected for hot related extremes such as summer days and tropical nights as well as for maximum values of maximum and minimum daily temperatures. For indices related to cold there are different sign slopes, but negative slopes prevail, especially for number of days under a defined threshold. This is also an evidence of the important warming in the area. Generally, it was found that the daily maximum temperature is getting more extreme, whereas the minimum is getting less extreme. Copyright \u00a9 2012 Royal Meteorological Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T10:41:19Z","timestamp":1345027279000},"page":"1987-2001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Changes in daily extreme temperatures in the extra\u2010Carpathians regions of Romania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Adina\u2010Eliza","family":"Croitoru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Piticar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"AguilarE AuerI BrunetM PetersonTC WieringaJ.2003.Guidelines on Climate Metadata and Homogenization WCDMP No. 53 WMO\u2010TD No. 1186. World Meteorological Organization: Geneve."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3370060607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Geografia Romaniei","author":"Badea L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2006.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Riscurile climatice din Romania","author":"Bogdan O","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD008091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1338","article-title":"The development of a new dataset of Spanish Daily Adjusted Temperature Series (SDATS) (1850\u20132003)","volume":"26","author":"Brunet M","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(82)90066-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Variabilitatea si schimbarea climei in Romania","author":"Busuioc A","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1979"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Precipitation analysis using Mann\u2013Kendall test and and WASP cumulated curve in Southearstern Romania","author":"Croitoru AE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Studia Universitatis Babes\u2010Bolyai Geographia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"CroitoruAE HauerE Mih\u00e3ilescuM.2002.Riscuri geografice determinate de temperaturile extreme \u015fi de cantit\u00e3\u0163ile maxime de precipita\u0163ii c\u00e3zute \u00een 24 de ore \u00een regiunea de nord\u2010vest a Rom\u00e2niei. Riscuri \u015fi catastrofe SorocovschiV. (ed). Casa C\u00e3r\u0163ii de \u015etiin\u0163\u01ce pp98\u2013108."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0133-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-011-0508-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5487.2068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-11-2583-2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-011-0577-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","article-title":"Trends in seasonal indices of daily temperature extremes in the Iberian Peninsula, 1929\u20132005","author":"Fernandez\u2010Montes S","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/cr019193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring","author":"Gilbert RO","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","author":"Ginzburg A","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Se incalzeste nord\u2010vestul Transilvaniei?","author":"Hauer EE","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Riscuri \u015fi catastrofe","author":"Hauer EE","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","volume-title":"Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL012877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"Rank Correlation Methods","author":"Kendall MG","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","unstructured":"Klein TankAMG WijngaardJ van EngelenA.2002b.Climate of Europe Assessement of Observed Daily Temperature and Precipitations Extremes KNMI. De Bilt: the Netherlands. Available fromhttp:\/\/eca.knmi.nl\/publicationsm."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2003)016<3665:TIIODT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-005-0122-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","unstructured":"LeeTC LeungWM ChanKW.2006.Climatological normals for Hong Kong 1971\u20132000.Hong Kong Observatory Technical Note(Local) bf 83."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1907187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-009-0035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Air and Water Components of the Environement","author":"Micu D","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Winter temperature trends in the Romanian Carpathians\u2014a climate variability index","author":"Micu D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Analele Universitatii de Vest Timisoara\u2014Geografie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2346729"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","unstructured":"PolitanoL.2008.Extreme Temperature Events in the Mediterranean MA thesis Institute of Geography University of Bern."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","unstructured":"Project team ECA&D.2011.EUMETNET\/ECSN optional programme: \u2018European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D)\u2019 Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute KNMI http:\/\/eca.knmi.nl\/documents\/atbd.pdf. Accessed on October 28 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","unstructured":"R version 2.14.0.2011.The R Foundation for Statistical Computing ISBN 3\u2010900051\u201007\u20100."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Criteria for heat and cold wave duration indexes","volume":"107","author":"Radinovi\u00e6 D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-007-0296-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","article-title":"Impact of altitude and latitude on changes in temperature extremes over South Asia during 1971\u20132000","author":"Revadekar JV","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","article-title":"Detecting trends of annual values of atmospheric pollutants by the Mann\u2013Kendall test and Sen's slope estimates\u2014the Excel template application MAKESENS","volume":"31","author":"Salmi T","year":"2002","journal-title":"Publications on Air Quality"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","volume-title":"Clima Romaniei","author":"Sandu I","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-005-0184-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","article-title":"Shift changes and monotonic trends in autocorrelated temperature series over Iran","author":"Tabari H","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","volume-title":"Tipuri de circulatie si centri de actiune atmosferica deasupra Europei","author":"Topor N","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","volume-title":"The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Trenberth KE","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2002)015<1322:HODTOC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3589.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177731677"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","unstructured":"WangLX FengY.2010. RHtestsV3 Published online athttp:\/\/cccma.seos.uvic.ca\/ETCCDMI\/software.shtml updated in June 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2003)016<3383:CODOUC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","unstructured":"WangXL FengY.2010. RHtestsV3 User Manual Published online athttp:\/\/cccma.seos.uvic.ca\/ETCCDMI\/software.shtmlJanuary 2010 (updated in June 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","unstructured":"ZhangX YangF.2004.RClimDex (1.0) User Manual available atwww.cccma.seos.uvic.ca\/ETCCDMI\/software.shtml accessed: October 25 2011."},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Trends in middle east climate extremes indices during 1930\u20132003","volume":"110","author":"Zhang X","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Climatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjoc.3567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjoc.3567","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/joc.3567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T03:34:40Z","timestamp":1696908880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/joc.3567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/joc.3567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/joc.3567","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-8418","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0088","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-03-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-06-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}