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Temperature trend and elevation\u2010warming analyses were conducted over the 50\u2009years of the dataset (1961\u20132010). The vertical variations of five key isotherms relevant for the development of cold\u2010climate weathering, presence of permafrost (\u22122\u00b0C, 0\u00b0C, +2\u00b0C, +3\u00b0C) and spread of forest vegetation (July +10\u00b0C) were also examined. The Carpathian Mountains are under visible annual and seasonal warming (stronger in the summer and winter), both daytime and nighttime. The warming process shows a great spatial inhomogeneity, but is more pronounced in the lowlands of the region, generally below 1,000\u20131,200\u2009m. The correlations between elevation and warming rates across the Carpathians have been found both to be positive and negative, while mostly significant at the 5% level. Evidence of enhanced warming with elevation was found to be related to the minimum temperature increase mostly across the NW and SW Carpathians, at both annual and seasonal scales (winter, summer and spring). Less prominent EDW signals have been identified in the NE, E and S Carpathians (summer), as well as in the NE Carpathians (spring). Parts of the detected temperature trends and EDW signals have been considered to be an effect of the changing atmospheric circulation (i.e. westerly intensification especially in the winter), although other mechanisms and processes could be involved (e.g. snow\u2010albedo feedbacks in the spring). These results could serve as a reference for further investigations of climate warming effects across the Carpathian Mountains region (e.g. ecological and geomorphic), especially in relation to the augmented summer heat stress (e.g. more frequent heatwaves) and milder winters (e.g. less freezing days).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.6952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1606734225000},"page":"2154-2172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Temperature changes and elevation\u2010warming relationships in the Carpathian Mountains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Dana Magdalena","family":"Micu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography Romanian Academy  Bucharest Romania"},{"name":"Meteo Romania (National Meteorological Administration)  Bucharest 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