{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:32:17Z","timestamp":1773293537928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6623,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monomer and aggregated proteoglycans were prepared from piglaryngeal cartilage. Vascoelastic flow properties, comprising linear complex dynamic shear modulus, nonlinear steady\u2010state shear\u2010rate dependent viscosity, and primary normal stress difference, were measured in proteoglycan solutions containing varying proportions of aggregate (0\u201380%) and at different concentrations (10\u201350 mg\/ml). Results were analyzed using the simple Oldroyd four\u2010parameter nonlinear rate\u2010type rheological equation. All solution properties were strongly dependent on proteoglycan concentration and on the proportion of aggregates present. Aggregation was found to have a great effect on the zero shear\u2010rate viscosity at 50 mg\/ml, which increased fivefold from 0\u2013100% aggregate. The results showed that network formation in proteoglycan solutions increased with concentration from 10\u201350 mg\/ml and also increased with aggregation. All proteoglycan solutions showed shear thinning, which was most marked with aggregated proteoglycan at high concentration (50 mg\/ml), where the viscosity decreased tenfold from the zero shear\u2010rate limit to the infinite shear\u2010rate limit. The intermolecular interactions in the network were therefore increasingly disrupted by increasing shear rate, but repeated measurements showed that these were reversible changes and that testing did not induce disaggregation or degradation of proteoglycan. These rheological properties show that aggregation is likely to immobilize proteoglycan at high concentration within cartilage and to contribute to the material properties of the porous solid matrix of articular cartilage that are important for its load\u2010bearing function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1109250039000},"page":"36-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Viscoelastic properties of proteoglycan solutions with varying proportions present as aggregates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"T. E.","family":"Hardingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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