{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:52:18Z","timestamp":1790675538985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6623,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scoliosis is usually considered as a deformity of the spine in the frontal plane, without reference to curvatures in other planes. In this study, the three\u2010dimensional shape of the spine of 104 patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis (5\u201355\u00b0 Cobb) was studied by means of stereo radiographs to determine relationships between curvature of the spine in the frontal plane view, in the lateral view, and in the intermediate views. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation (r = 0.2) relating greater scoliosis with lesser kyphosis or greater lordosis. In the thoracic region, the sagittal plane spinal curvature was less than that measured in a population without scoliosis (mean difference, 7.72 \u00b0 9.9\u00b0). Seventy\u2010four of 76 scolioses in the upper region of the spine with lateral curvature greater than 5\u00b0 Cobb were kyphotic. Sixty\u2010four of 84 curves greater than 5\u00b0 Cobb in the lower region were lordotic. Measuring curvatures in the plane of symmetry of the rotated apical vertebra altered these ratios to 69 of 76 kyphotic in the upper region and 68 of 84 lordotic in the lower region. The plane of maximum curvature of sections of the spine with scoliosis was not related to the plane of symmetry of the rotated apical vertebra, for in kyphotic regions of the spine the rotations of these two planes were in opposite directions. In all cases, the magnitudes of the rotations were quite different, i.e., by a factor of \u22120.22 for curves in thoracic region and by a factor of 0.24 for curves in the lumbar region. This implies that mechanical measures to correct this spinal deformity or to prevent progression should apply different rotations to the apex from those applied to the curve as a whole and, in opposite senses, in curves in kyphotic regions. There was no evidence of an abnormality of sagittal curvature of a magnitude to implicate it in the etiology or in the treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1109250039000},"page":"102-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional spinal curvature in idiopathic scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ian A. F.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llynda C.","family":"Bigalow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morey S.","family":"Moreland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Lectures on the Pathology and Treatment of Lateral and Other Forms of Curvature of the Spine","author":"Adams W","year":"1865"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-53-626-146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032010-00017","article-title":"The mechanism of rotation in combination with lateral deviation in the normal spine","volume":"32","author":"Arkin A","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Outline for the study of scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Cobb JR","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am Acad Orthop Surg Inst Lect"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B4.6746683","article-title":"Idiopathic scoliosis in three dimensions","volume":"66","author":"Deacon P","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677308989071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.147.2.6340156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198405000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B1.6693483","article-title":"The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Biplanar spinal asymmetry","volume":"66","author":"Dickson RA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.134.2.6986054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM190509281531301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"MarzanGT:Rational design for close\u2010range photogrammetry. PhD Thesis 1976 Univ. of Illinois. Ann Arbor Xerox University Microfilms 1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198307000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Determination of the plane of maximum deformity in idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"4","author":"Raso J","year":"1980","journal-title":"Orthop Trans"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Le plan d'election pour l'examen radiologique des cyphoscolioses","volume":"51","author":"du Peloux J","year":"1965","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Etude de la courbure scoliotique. L'importance de l'extension et de la rotation vertebrale","volume":"67","author":"Perdriolle R","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.40B2.312","article-title":"Rotation movements of the spine with special reference to scoliosis","volume":"40","author":"Roaf R","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.34B3.421","article-title":"Rotational lordosis: The development of the single curve","volume":"34","author":"Somerville EW","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Biplanar radiography for measurement of spinal shape and motion","volume":"6","author":"Stokes IAF","year":"1985","journal-title":"Automedica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198604000-00006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjor.1100050113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.1100050113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T01:26:57Z","timestamp":1697851617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.1100050113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.1100050113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.1100050113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-02-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}