{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:03:33Z","timestamp":1785769413837,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5892,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal fixation employing transpedicular screws has recently been the focus of increased attention at various institutions throughout the world, but concerns about the safety and efficacy of transpedicular screws linger. This study was undertaken to address some of these concerns. The study included evaluation of the internal and external morphology of the vertebral pedicles, which revealed that adequate bone stock is generally available at T2, T7, T12, and L1\u2013L5 spinal levels to accept screws in the 4\u20137\u2010mm diameter range. The pedicle was observed to be composed of abundant cancellous bone internally with relatively thick cortical walls. The method of pilot hole preparation for pedicle screws was also examined. Screws inserted in pilot holes prepared with a 3.4\u2010mm blunt probe (ganglion knife) resulted in higher pullout forces in eight of 10 trials as compared with those with pilot holes prepared using a 3.2\u2010mm drill. Furthermore, the probes afford greater control of hole depth and alignment. Fatigue studies on three screws designs revealed a graduation of strength between a 7.0\u2010mm pedicle screw, and a modified 6.5\u2010mm cancellous lag screw. The modified cancellous lag screw has an inherent stress riser that affected fatigue life. It was noted that extreme care must be exercised to prevent bending of the pedicle screws during implantation. If bending ocurs one can expect a 50% reduction in the number of cycles to failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T12:50:10Z","timestamp":1109249410000},"page":"107-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Transpedicular screw fixation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"James M.","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur D.","family":"Steffee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365090-00018","article-title":"Late complications due to wire breakage in segmental spinal instrumentation","volume":"65","author":"Bernard TN","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198705000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.41B2.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062080-00009","article-title":"Clinical review of patients with broken Harrington rods","volume":"62","author":"Erwin WD","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01406023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"An internal fixator for posterior application to short segments of the thoracic, lumbar, or lumbosacral spine","volume":"203","author":"Krag MH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Ortho"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567050-00002","article-title":"Complications following Harrington instrumentation for fractures of the thoracolumbar spine","volume":"67","author":"McAfee PC","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"A method of spinal fusion using internal fixation","volume":"35","author":"Pennal GF","year":"1964","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198411000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Anatomical study of vertebral pedicles. Surgical application","volume":"62","author":"Saillant G","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00006","article-title":"Segmental spine plates with pedicle screw fixation: A new internal fixation device for disorders of the lumbar and thoracolumbar spine","volume":"203","author":"Steffee AD","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00026","article-title":"Total vertebral body and pedicle replacement","volume":"203","author":"Steffee AD","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466080-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00012","article-title":"A biomechanical study of intrapeduncular screw fixation in the lumbosacral spine","volume":"203","author":"Zindrick MR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjor.1100070115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.1100070115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T02:26:28Z","timestamp":1697941588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.1100070115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.1100070115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.1100070115","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-02-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}