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However, recent studies with animal models indicate irreversible damage to articular cartilage due to overpressures generated within the patellofemoral (P\u2010F) joint without bone fracture, and suggest this injury may lead to a progressive, degenerative disease of the joint. The purpose of this investigation was to measure contact pressure in the human P\u2010F joint during impact loading on the isolated, flexed knee. Loads were delivered on the patella with a free\u2010flight inertial mass that had a rigid or foam padded interface. The experiments were conducted by serially increasing the impactor velocity in repeated tests until bone fracture was observed. The distribution of maximum pressures generated within the joint was recorded with a pressuresensitive film. Fracture of the patella or the femur occurred at impact loads of approximately 8.5 kN. The average P\u2013F pressure was approximately 25 MPa for 8 kN of impact load on the 90\u00b0 flexed joint. The P\u2013F contact area varied with the level of contact load and degree of joint flexion. The distribution of P\u2013F pressures was nonuniform. At approximately 70% of the fracture load for the 90\u00b0 flexed knee, nearly 35% of the contact area was exposed to pressures greater than 25 MPa. In an earlier study by others using subchondral bonecartilage preparations, this level of pressure resulted in fissures and lacerations of the cartilage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T12:53:54Z","timestamp":1109249634000},"page":"272-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Contact pressures in the patellofemoral joint during impact loading on the human flexed knee"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Roger C.","family":"Haut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Advances in Bioengineering","author":"Armstrong CG","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"CookeFW NagelDA:Biomechanical analysis of knee impact. 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