{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:09:26Z","timestamp":1789718966504,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4797,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angular deformities were created in cadaver forearms at proximal, middle, and distal third levels of the radius and ulna separately, and at middle and distal third levels of both bones, to determine the corresponding limitations of pronation and supination. The ranges of pronation and supination were recorded using a rotational motion measurement apparatus instrumented with a 360\u00b0 goniometer. These experimental results were compared to data obtained from clinical and radiographic examination of 105 patients with similar residual deformities following treatment of fractures by nonsurgical means, to evaluate the accuracy of the experimental model and to determine if loss of rotational motion could be predicted based on radiographic findings. With cadaver forearms, on the average, angulation of 10\u00b0 of the radius or ulna in coronal or sagittal planes limited pronation and supination by &lt;24\u00b0, whereas angulation of 10\u00b0 of both the radius and the ulna limited pronation and supination by &lt;18%. Comparison of experimental results with clinical findings showed that, despite the errors involved in measuring forearm deformities in patients using biplanar radiographs, the experimental results predicted the clinical loss of pronation and supination to within 17% for the fractures of the radius, and within 8% accuracy for the fractures of the ulna.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100100115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1109248000000},"page":"121-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Angular deformities and forearm function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Augusto","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Ebramzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Brys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Tarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(81)90005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B3.404","article-title":"Treatment of forearm fractures in adults with particular reference to plate fixation","volume":"46","author":"Burwell HN","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091600212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(81)90004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254060-00003","article-title":"Treatment of fractures of the radius and ulna with compression plates: a retrospective study of one hundred and nineteen fractures in seventy\u2010eight patients","volume":"54","author":"Dodge HS","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"Rotational deformity in the treatment of fractures of both bones of the forearm","volume":"27","author":"Evans EM","year":"1945","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062030-00013","article-title":"Forearm fractures: treatment by rigid fixation with early motion","volume":"62","author":"Grace TG","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739020-00002","article-title":"Fracture of the distal radial shaft: mistakes in management","volume":"39","author":"Hughston JC","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244080-00015","article-title":"Fractures of the forearm: anatomical considerations","volume":"44","author":"Hughston JC","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264010-00003","article-title":"The effect on supination\u2010pronation of angular malalignment of fractures of both bones of the forearm: an experimental study","volume":"64","author":"Matthews LS","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163060-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"737","article-title":"A study of supination and pronation with special reference to the treatment of forearm fractures","volume":"28","author":"Patrick J","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195133040-00020","article-title":"Rotation of the forearm","volume":"33","author":"Ray RD","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Fractures of the shafts and distal ends of the radius and ulna. 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