{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T21:25:36Z","timestamp":1773609936345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4311,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokines and proteases are thought to play a role in the destruction of cartilage and the development of osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to document chronological involvement of interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), stromelysin (MMP\u20103), fibronectin, and alteration in the chondroitin sulphate sulfation pattern. Canine patellae underwent a closed\u2010joint impact to induce the development of osteoarthritis. The animals were killed at 2, 12, 24, and 52 weeks. The patellar damage included cracks in the superficial zone of cartilage and the zone of the calcified cartilage\u2010bone interface, vertical step\u2010off fractures in the zone of calcified cartilage, and loss of proteoglycan around the cracks in the deep and superficial zones of cartilage. With avidin\u2010biotin immunohistochemistry, these specimens were stained with antibodies to IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, MMP\u20103, fibronectin, and altered proteoglycan sulfate with the monoclonal antibody 3\u2010B\u20103. Three of the four specimens obtained at 2 weeks demonstrated a strong cellular and weak matrix staining\u2010pattern for IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, MMP\u20103, and fibronectin around the cracks in the superficial and transitional zones of cartilage. No consistent staining pattern was noted in the cracks in the deep zone. None of the specimens obtained at 12, 24, or 52 weeks stained for these antibodies. No staining for the abnormal sulfation with the 3\u2010B\u20103 antibody was evident in any specimen. The specimens obtained at 52 weeks showed healing of the step\u2010off fractures and a filling\u2010in of the proteoglycan loss. This model probably reflects the short\u2010term cartilaginous changes in the patella after trauma; thus, only transient elevations in the cytokines and proteases were evident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100110302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1109247768000},"page":"313-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Immunolocalization of selected cytokines and proteases in canine articular cartilage after transarticular loading"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"E. A.","family":"Pickvance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Theodore R.","family":"Oegema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Roby C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208809016808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208809016809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in cultures of bovine articular chondrocytes treated with interleukin\u20101","volume":"15","author":"Aydelotte MB","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Presence of fibronectin in articular cartilage in two animal models of osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Burton\u2010Wurster N","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/36.6.3284948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Clinical and Experimental Approaches to Dermal and Epidermal Repair: Normal and Chronic Wounds","author":"Caldwell MD","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0180820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.97.3.411","article-title":"Modulation of native chondroitin sulphate structure in tissue development and in disease","volume":"97","author":"Caterson B","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68680-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410120068014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"505","article-title":"Appearance of novel chondroitin sulphate structures in the articular cartilage from experimental canine osteoarthritis joints","volume":"14","author":"Hardingham TE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0180953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00489906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(90)90145-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2450795"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Fibronectin as a marker for osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Lust G","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"27","key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"In vitro effects of interleukin 1 on the synthesis of metalloproteases, TIMP, plasminogen activators and inhibitors in human articular cartilage","volume":"18","author":"Martel\u2010Pelletier J","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01972788"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(90)90226-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(89)90081-4"},{"issue":"27","key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Production of cytokines by chondrocytes and its role in proteoglycan degradation","volume":"18","author":"Shinmei M","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"140","article-title":"Experimental evidence for an injury threshold for articular cartilage","volume":"34","author":"Thompson RC","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173070-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"The effects of interleukin\u20101 on articular cartilage destruction as observed in arthritic diseases, and its therapeutic control","volume":"8","author":"Verschure PJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Canine experimental osteoarthritis: a comparison of the Pond\u2010Nuki and arthrotomy procedures; 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