{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:09:11Z","timestamp":1762916951334},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3885,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Particulate polymethylmethacrylate debris has been implicated in the inflammatory response observed surrounding loosened cemented implants. The rat subcutaneous pouch model and the Howie implant model (used to study bone resorption) were used to quantify the response to mechanically produced endotoxin\u2010free polymethylmethacrylate debris with and without 10% (wt\/vol) BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. In the rat subcutaneous pouch model, the inflammatory response to polymethylmethacrylate particles containing BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was greater than the response to plain polymethylmethacrylate particles of similar size. Increased inflammation was measured by leukocyte counts and levels of prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, tumor necrosis factor, and neutral metalloprotease. In addition, particulate polymethylmethacrylate with BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> caused significantly greater bone resorption in the Howie model than did particulate plain polymethylmethacrylate. In <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> studies, particulate polymethylmethacrylate with BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> stimulated more prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, neutral metalloprotease, and tumor necrosis factor from human monocytes in culture and stimulated greater proliferation of synovial cells than did particulate plain polymethylmethacrylate. The presence of BaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> appears to significantly intensify the inflammatory response to polymethylmethacrylate debris.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100120410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T12:10:24Z","timestamp":1109247024000},"page":"532-541","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Comparison of the inflammatory response to particulate polymethylmethacrylate debris with and without barium sulfate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M. 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