{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:10:41Z","timestamp":1790939441242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3336,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of stress deprivation on the mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament were studied in a canine model. Fifty\u2010eight mature mongrel dogs were divided into two groups. In the relaxed group (n = 30), the tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament in each right knee was surgically elevated proximally 3 mm from the tibia: the elevation was anatomically reduced in the sham group (n = 28). In order to obtain control data, the left knee in each dog was left untreated. A femur\u2010anterior cruciate ligament\u2010tibia complex was excised from each knee for biomechanical tests at 6 or 12 weeks after surgery. To simplify data analysis, the treat\/nontreat ratio (the ratio of the data obtained from the treated knee to that from the nontreated knee) was used. The cross\u2010sectional area of the ligament increased significantly in both groups; the area in the relaxed group (average treat\/nontreat ratio = 1.37) was significantly larger than that in the sham group (1.16) at 6 weeks but not at 12 weeks. The treat\/nontreat ratio of tensile strength in the relaxed group significantly decreased to 0.67 and 0.58 at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively: in the sham group, it significantly decreased to 0.79 at 6 weeks but subsequently increased to 0.87 at 12 weeks. Only at 12 weeks was a significant difference observed between the two groups. This study demonstrated that, in the anterior cruciate ligament, stress deprivation results in a rapid increase in the cross\u2010sectional area, although this effect disappears by 12 weeks, and in a decrease in mechanical strength, although a relatively long period of more than 6 weeks is required for the deterioration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T11:04:12Z","timestamp":1109243052000},"page":"157-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament chronically relaxed by elevation of the tibial insertion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Motoharu","family":"Keira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Kaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noritaka","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozaburo","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196143070-00010","article-title":"An experimental study of joint stiffness","volume":"43","author":"Akeson WH","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(68)90040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100010305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"The healing response and structural properties of the ACL following freezing and repositioning of the tibial insertion","volume":"15","author":"Bush\u2010Joseph CA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1983.tb00721.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90090-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Location\u2010dependent variations in the material properties of anterior cruciate ligament subunits","volume":"16","author":"Butler DL","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658000800204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198405000-00031","article-title":"Intra\u2010articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: an experimental study of length changes in different ligament reconstruction","volume":"185","author":"Hoogland T","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198301000-00016","article-title":"Vascularized patellar tendon graft with rigid internal fixation for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency","volume":"172","author":"Lambert KL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3108414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Effects of controlled stress shielding on the mechanical properties of the rabbits patellar tendon\u2014role of fibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Majima T","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456070-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100110414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.212.4.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.218.3.894","article-title":"Influence of exercise on strength of medial collateral ligaments of dogs","volume":"218","author":"Tipton CM","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"638","article-title":"Effects of stress shielding on the ultrastructure of the in situ frozen patellar tendon in the rabbit","volume":"19","author":"Tsuchida T","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844316709022844"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208009152109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-1982-19302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769080-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2895466"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"Exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the force exerted on the tibia by the separate isometric contractions of the quadriceps or the hamstrings","volume":"220","author":"Yasuda K","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-66859-6_33"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjor.1100140125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jor.1100140125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T18:37:36Z","timestamp":1695839856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jor.1100140125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jor.1100140125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.1100140125","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-0266","1554-527X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-0266","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-527X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-09-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1995-07-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-02-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}