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Thus, it is not possible to predict <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> whether the mixture of factors produced by marrow cells will have a net stimulatory or inhibitory effect on bone resorption. In this study, we showed that the net effect of whole marrow is to inhibit osteoclast activity induced by parathyroid hormone. Fractionation of the marrow revealed that the inhibitory activity was in the marrow fluid. However, conditioned media obtained from marrow cell cultures also inhibited osteoclast activity. Thus, it is likely that the inhibitory factors are produced <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> by cells residing in the marrow. These inhibitory factors may represent a physiological regulatory process that plays an important role in maintaining the balance between bone resorption and formation. Because we have previously shown that interleukin\u20106 is one of the cytokines that parathyroid hormone induces in osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclast activity, one potential mechanism by which the marrow\u2010derived inhibitory factors might act is by preventing this production of interleukin\u20106. However, we found that the marrow cell\u2010conditioned media do not inhibit the production or activity of interleukin\u20106. Thus, the inhibitory factors appear to block osteoclast activity through a mechanism that does not involve interleukin\u20106. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of factors that inhibit bone resorption and emphasize that the presence of cytokines that stimulate bone resorption in conditions such as osteoporosis and orthopaedic implant loosening should be interpreted with caution unless evidence exists demonstrating their functional importance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T11:20:44Z","timestamp":1109244044000},"page":"51-58","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bone marrow cells produce soluble factors that inhibit osteoclast activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"James 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