{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:17:10Z","timestamp":1789985830319,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1997,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periprosthetic bone loss is an important contributory factor for aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. It has recently been shown that osteoclast precursor cells are present in the wear particle\u2010associated macrophage infiltrate found in the membrane surrounding loose implants and that these cells are capable of differentiating into osteoclastic bone\u2010resorbing cells. Long\u2010term co\u2010culture of arthroplasty\u2010derived macrophages and the rat osteoblast\u2010like cell line, UMR\u2010106, in the presence of 1,25 (OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> results in the formation of numerous multinucleated cells that are positive for tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase and vitronectin receptor and capable of extensive lacunar bone resorption. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cytokines\/growth factors, known to be present in the arthroplasty membrane, on this process of osteoclast differentiation. During osteoclast formation, increased levels of macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor, interleukin\u20106, and to a lesser extent, interleukin\u20101\u03b2, but not tumour necrosis factor \u03b1, were detected in the co\u2010culture supernatants. Addition of neutralising antibodies to human interleukin\u20101\u03b2 or tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 to the co\u2010culture system did not inhibit osteoclast formation. In contrast, co\u2010cultures to which neutralising antibodies to human macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor or interleukin\u20106 were added contained fewer cells positive for tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase and vitronectin receptor and formed significantly fewer resorption pits. Time\u2010course studies showed that macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor and interleukin\u20106 increase osteoclast formation mainly in the early stages of osteoclast differentiation. These results indicate that the release of macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor and interleukin\u20106 by activated cells in the arthroplasty membrane is likely to contribute to pathological bone resorption associated with aseptic loosening by stimulating differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte osteoclast precursors into mature bone\u2010resorbing cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T10:32:02Z","timestamp":1109241122000},"page":"686-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor and interleukin\u20106 release by periprosthetic cells stimulates osteoclast formation and bone resorption"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Susan D.","family":"Neale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Sabokbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Howie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Athanasou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.12.997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199607000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.66.1.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199403000-00043","article-title":"The characterization of cytokines in the interface tissue obtained from failed cementless total hip arthroplasty with and without femoral osteolysis","volume":"300","author":"Chiba J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V72.3.860.bloodjournal723860","article-title":"Human fibroblasts produce granulocyte\u2010CSF, macrophage\u2010CSF, and granulocyte\u2010macrophage\u2010CSF following stimulation by interleukin\u20101 and poly(rI). poly(rC)","volume":"72","author":"Fibbe WE","year":"1988","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.137.9.4058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.11.816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Histopathology","author":"Gatter KC","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679408993734"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199306000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B6.7832"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Comparison of interface membranes obtained from failed cemented and cementless hip and knee prostheses","volume":"309","author":"Horikoshi M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00295957"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"5663","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to osteoclastomas (giant cell bone tumors); definition of osteoclast\u2010specific cellular antigens","volume":"45","author":"Horton MA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1621100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199306000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-6009(08)80211-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","volume-title":"Leukocyte Typing VI. 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