{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:50:25Z","timestamp":1761058225408},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1631,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteonecrosis of the femoral head often results in secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint; however, the pathologic processes underlying the destruction of articular cartilage are not fully understood. Molecular markers in the hip joint fluids were measured to examine the changes in turnover of cartilage and other joint tissues. Marker data were related to clinical, radiological, and histopathological changes in the articular cartilage of the hip. Forty\u2010five patients (median age: 43 years) were studied. The median time between the onset of symptoms and sampling of hip synovial fluid was 6 months. Aggrecan fragments, C\u2010propeptide of type\u2010II collagen, matrix metalloproteinase\u20103, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases\u20101 levels in joint fluid were determined by immunoassay. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head was graded by radiology as minimal collapse of the femoral head (stage 2: 26 patients), severe collapse (stage 3: 15 patients), or severe collapse with osteoarthritis (stage 4: four patients). Histologica changes of the articular cartilage, consistent with early\u2010stage osteoarthritis, were evident at stage 3 and were more advanced at stage 4. The average concentrations of proteoglycan fragments and C\u2010propeptide of type\u2010II collagen were 207 (SD 182) \u03bcg\/ml and 19.6 (SD 19.3) ng\/ml, respectively. The average concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase\u20103 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases\u2010 1 were 177 (SD 291) nM and 23.0 (SD 9.9) n<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Measurable levels for all markers assayed were noted in the earliest stage of the disease, only a few months after the onset of symptoms and well before the appearance of radiological changes. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase\u20103 and molar ratios of matrix metalloproteinase\u20103\/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases\u20101 were higher in early stage disease than in later stage disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100180508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T14:42:07Z","timestamp":1109256127000},"page":"728-733","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Markers of joint tissue turnover in joint fluids from hips with osteonecrosis of the femoral head"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Seiya","family":"Jingushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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