{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:20:05Z","timestamp":1783488005075,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,15]],"date-time":"2006-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that inflammation in the subacromial bursa is an important component in the pathogenesis of impingement syndrome. We have demonstrated in a previous study that many inflammatory cytokines, including stromal cell\u2010derived factor 1 (SDF\u20101, CXCL12), are increased in the subacromial bursa [Blaine et al. 2005. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 14(Suppl 1):84S\u201389S]. SDF\u20101 is a potent chemotactic and angiogenic factor that stimulates recruitment of inflammatory cells. In the current study, we proposed that the resident cells in subacromial bursal tissue produce SDF\u20101, which can play a role in the inflammatory reponse of bursal tissue, and that this chemokine can be regulated by steroid (dexamethasone) and nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two subacromial bursa tissues (18 bursitis and 4 normal bursa) were obtained intraoperatively from patients during shoulder surgery and analyzed using the cDNA Array technique in accordance with an IRB approved protocol. cDNA array results were confirmed with real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). Bursal cells (from 4 normal bursa, 3 bursitis) and two normal bone marrow with whole tissue explants were cultured for one passage. Cell culture supernatants were collected and SDF\u20101 protein was detected with enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cultured bursal cells were treated with a COX\u20102 inhibitor and dexamethasone, and cells was harvested at 1\u2010day and 4\u2010day intervals. SDF\u20101 expression was evaluated by real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR and ELISA. cDNA Array analysis demonstrated that the gene expression of SDF\u20101 was increased in patients with subacromial bursitis compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR also revealed that the mRNA expression of SDF\u20101 in bursitis tissue is increased 10\u2010fold over control tissue. While the normal bursal cells produced negligible amounts of SDF\u20101 protein, cultured cells derived from bursitis lesion released as much SDF\u20101 protein (235 pg\/100,000 cells) as normal bone marrow stromal cells (283 pg\/100,000 cells) as measured by ELISA. The addition of a COX\u20102 inhibitor and dexamethasone to bursitis cell lines led to decreased SDF\u20101 expression levels compared to untreated bursitis cell lines. These studies demonstrate that there is a significant elevation of SDF\u20101 expression in the subacromial bursa of patients with rotator cuff disease. Furthermore, this chemokine can be downregulated by COX\u20102 inhibitors and steroids. These results provide biologic evidence for the use of steroid and NSAIDs in the treatment of subacromial bursitis. In the future, targeted inhibition of molecules such as SDF\u20101 in the subacromial bursa may present a therapeutic strategy that may avoid the side effects of these other (steroid and NSAID) medications. \u00a9 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1756\u20131764, 2006<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,15]],"date-time":"2006-06-15T18:08:41Z","timestamp":1150394921000},"page":"1756-1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Stromal cell\u2010derived factor 1 (SDF\u20101, CXCL12) is increased in subacromial bursitis and downregulated by steroid and nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yang\u2010Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis U.","family":"Bigliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koko","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong\u2010Sil","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hahn\u2010Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore A.","family":"Blaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(96)90008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160515"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65474-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(00)00292-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.6.3423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Evidence for synovitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica: sonographic study in a large series of patients","volume":"29","author":"Frediani B","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"986","article-title":"Multiple rheumatoid bursal cysts","volume":"16","author":"Yasuda M","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.9.995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cytokines and growth factors in subacromial bursa of rotator cuff tear patients","volume":"47","author":"Sakai H","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kobe J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00420062"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.4.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(00)90021-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00008-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1994.1344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1998.1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.9.5749"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.8.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3400"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/38.8.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B3.1670436","article-title":"Surgical repair of rotator cuff ruptures. 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