{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T20:45:11Z","timestamp":1770410711660,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]],"date-time":"2006-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the specific factors related to shoulder pain due to a rotator cuff tear using a model in rabbits. A rotator cuff tear was surgically created, and the expression of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102) was analyzed. In the supernatant of the tissue culture of the torn tendon, IL\u20101\u03b2 production was detected. The amount of IL\u20101\u03b2 was highest 1 day after injury, and then decreased gradually to 21 days. PGE2, the mediator of pain and the product of COX\u20102, was also detected in the supernatant of the tissue culture. The production of PGE2 significantly increased to 7 days after injury, and then decreased to 21 days. RT\u2010PCR analysis confirmed the mRNA expression of IL\u20101\u03b2 and COX\u20102 in the torn tendon. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that cells in the tendon stump were immunopositive for IL\u20101\u03b2 and COX\u20102. Furthermore, in the affected joint, articular chondrocytes in the remote area from the tear expressed COX\u20102 strongly. When the rotator cuff is torn, IL\u20101\u03b2 is produced in the torn tendon, and stimulates the expression of COX\u20102 in not only the torn tendon but also in articular chondrocytes. The COX\u20102 then produces PGE2, which would mediate shoulder pain. \u00a9 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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