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Female rats at 6 (young), 26 (adult), and 52 (old) weeks of age received unilateral diaphyseal femoral fractures with intramedullary rod stabilization. At 0, 0.4, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after fracture, the fracture site was harvested. Total RNA was extracted, cRNA was prepared, and the cRNA was hybridized to 54 Affymetrix U34A microarrays (three arrays\/age\/time point). Transcripts for 180 genes were identified as up\u2010regulated more and\/or longer in old rats with delayed fracture healing. Of these, 60 were selected for more intense review. Significantly more and\/or longer expression was seen in genes related to myofibroblasts, cell proliferation, calcification inhibition, TGF\u2010\u03b2 activity, lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, and the cytoskeleton. Further study is needed to determine if these up\u2010regulated transcripts are related to the pathological processes which slow healing or are related to attempts by the fracture tissue to stimulate bone to bridge the fracture gap. \u00a9 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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