{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:17:35Z","timestamp":1761675455091},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,29]],"date-time":"2007-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In osteoarthritis (OA), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is supposed to play a role in cartilage repair. Because the development of osteophytes is a major characteristic of OA and thought to be part of an attempted repair process, the purpose of this study was to determine whether HGF may be involved in osteophyte formation. HGF levels in synovial fluids from 41 patients assessed by enzyme immunosorbant assay were correlated with disease severity and osteophyte formation, evaluated by anteroposterior weight\u2010bearing radiographs. Detection of HGF, c\u2010Met, and CD68 in cartilage and synovial tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Effects of HGF on the secretion of TGF\u2010\u03b21 and BMP\u20102 by chondrocytes, fibroblast\u2010like synovial cells (FLS), and macrophages as well as HGF\u2010induced secretion of MCP\u20101 by FLS and chondrocytes were determined by ELISA. HGF was detected in all synovial fluids and concentrations correlated highly with disease severity and osteophyte formation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed weak synovial staining for HGF, whereas increasing numbers of HGF expressing chondrocytes were detected depending on disease severity. In addition, an increased number of macrophages in synovial specimens was observed, which was likewise severity dependent. In a series of subsequent in vitro studies, HGF remarkable induced MCP\u20101 secretion by FLS in a dose\u2010dependent manner. No effect on TGF\u2010\u03b21 and BMP\u20102 secretion by FLS and chondrocytes was evident upon HGF stimulation, whereas secretion of these growth factors by PMA\u2010differentiated THP\u20101 cells was significantly increased by HGF. The results indicate that HGF may facilitate osteophyte development by promoting MCP\u20101\u2010mediated entry of monocytes\/macrophages into the OA\u2010affected joint and\/or by stimulating macrophage\u2010derived growth factors. \u00a9 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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