{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1789985831505,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,7]],"date-time":"2007-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1181174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The periprosthetic granulomatous soft tissue [designated iterfacial membrane (IFM) in this study] exhibits heterogeneous histopathological features, in which highly vascularized areas with dense cellularity alternate with fibrotic and pseudocapsule\u2010like tissue structures. Although macrophage\/monocyte activation is a prominent event in the periprosthetic environment, fibroblasts also phagocytose particulate wear debris both in vivo and in vitro. Particulate wear debris and\/or cytokines\/growth factors alone or in combination (e.g., in conditioned media of explant cultures of IFMs) stimulated normal synovial and IFM fibroblasts to express inflammatory mediators and growth factors such as interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, three isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte\/macrophage chemoattractant protein\u20101 (MCP\u20101), macrophage\u2010colony\u2010stimulating factor (M\u2010CSF), cycloxygenases (Cox\u20101 and Cox\u20102), acid\u2010 and basic\u2010fibroblast growth factors (FGF\u20101 and FGF\u20102), leukemia inhibitory factor\u20101 (LIF\u20101), transforming growth factor \u03b2\u20101 (TGF\u2010\u03b21), receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Thus, the fibroblast is capable of expressing a wide array of angiogenic and osteoclastogenic factors which are involved in the detrimental processes of the periprosthetic osteolysis. \u00a9 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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