{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:20:25Z","timestamp":1776918025314,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,7]],"date-time":"2008-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1210118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated inflammation in rats performing a low repetition, negligible force (LRNF) or high repetition, negligible force (HRNF) task of reaching and retrieving food pellets at target rates of two or four reaches\/min for 2 h\/day, for 6\u20138 weeks. Serum was assayed for 11 cytokines and chemokines; forelimb tissues for four cytokines. Macrophages were counted in forelimb tissues of LRNF rats to add to results from our previous studies of HRNF rats. In HRNF rats, serum IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u03b1, MIP2, MIP3a, and RANTES were elevated in weeks 6 and 8. In contrast, only MIP2 and MIP3a increased in serum of LRNF rats. In 8 week HRNF reach limb tissues, IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u03b1, and IL\u201010 increased in distal bones, IL\u20101\u03b1 and \u2010\u03b2 in muscles, and TNF\u03b1 in tendons. Only IL\u201010 increased in LRNF reach limb muscles in week 8. Serum IL\u20101\u03b1 and MIP2 correlated with macrophages in LRNF loose connective tissues, serum MIP3a and MIP2 correlated negatively with grip strength, while serum TNF\u03b1, MIP3a, and MIP2 correlated positively with total number of reaches. Thus, several tissue and circulating cytokines\/chemokines increase in an exposure dependent manner following short\u2010term performance of repetitive reaching tasks and correlate with macrophage infiltration and decreasing grip strength. \u00a9 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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