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There is evidence to suggest that Turner syndrome scoliosis is clinically and radiologically similar to idiopathic scoliosis, although the phenotypes are dissimilar. This pilot gene expression study used relative quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) of the <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>short stature on X<\/jats:italic>) gene to determine whether it is expressed in vertebral body growth plates in idiopathic and congenital scoliosis. After vertebral growth plate dissection, tissue was examined histologically and RNA was extracted and its integrity was assessed using a Bio\u2010Spec Mini, NanoDrop ND\u20101000 spectrophotometer and standard denaturing gel electrophoresis. Following cDNA synthesis, gene\u2010specific optimization in a Corbett RotorGene 6000 real\u2010time cycler was followed by qRT\u2010PCR of vertebral tissue. Histological examination of vertebral samples confirmed that only growth plate was analyzed for gene expression. Cycling and melt curves were resolved in triplicate for all samples. <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> abundance was demonstrated in congenital and idiopathic scoliosis vertebral body growth plates. <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> expression was 11\u2010fold greater in idiopathic compared to congenital (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) scoliosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027). This study confirmed that SHOX was expressed in vertebral body growth plates, which implies that its expression may also be associated with the scoliosis (and kyphosis) of Turner syndrome. <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> expression is reduced in Turner syndrome (short stature). In this study, increased <jats:italic>SHOX<\/jats:italic> expression was demonstrated in idiopathic scoliosis (tall stature) and congenital scoliosis. \u00a9 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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