{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:52:35Z","timestamp":1783018355361,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,30]],"date-time":"2008-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fracture healing can be enhanced by load bearing, but the specific components of the mechanical environment which can augment or accelerate the process remain unknown. The ability of low\u2010magnitude, high\u2010frequency mechanical signals, anabolic in bone tissue, are evaluated here for their ability to influence fracture healing. The potential for short duration (17 min), extremely low\u2010magnitude (25 \u00b5m), high\u2010frequency (30 Hz) interfragmentary displacements to enhance fracture healing was evaluated in a mid\u2010diaphyseal, 3\u2010mm osteotomy of the sheep tibia. In a pilot study of proof of concept and clinical relevance, healing in osteotomies stabilized with rigid external fixation (Control: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094), were compared to the healing status of osteotomies with the same stiffness of fixation, but supplemented with daily mechanical loading (Experimental: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). These 25\u2010\u00b5m displacements, induced by a ferroactive shape\u2010memory alloy (\u201csmart\u201d material) incorporated into the body of the external fixator, were less than 1% of the 3\u2010mm fracture gap, and less than 6% of the 0.45\u2010mm displacement measured at the site during ambulation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At 10\u2010weeks post\u2010op, the callus in the Experimental group was 3.6\u2010fold stiffer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03), 2.5\u2010fold stronger (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05), and 29% larger (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than Controls. Bone mineral content was 52% greater in the Experimental group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02), with a 2.6\u2010fold increase in bone mineral content (BMC) in the region of the periosteum (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These data reinforce the critical role of mechanical factors in the enhancement of fracture healing, and emphasize that the signals need not be large to be influential and potentially clinically advantageous to the restoration of function. \u00a9 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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