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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone response to polyethylene particles in an ovariectomized murine model. Polyethylene particles were implanted onto the calvaria of seven control mice and seven ovariectomized (OVX) mice, as compared with calvaria from sham\u2010operated and OVX mice. Calvaria were harvested after 14 days. Skulls were analyzed with a high\u2010resolution micro\u2010CT and by histomorphometry after staining with Stevenel blue and picrofuschine, and for tartrate\u2010specific alkaline phosphatase. As assessed by micro\u2010CT, particle implantation induced a significant decrease in bone thickness in control mice, while bone thickness remained stable in OVX mice. In particle\u2010implanted animals, the osteoclast number was 2.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 in control mice and 1.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22 in OVX mice. Mean bone loss was \u221212%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9% in control mice and \u22124.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7% in OVX animals. The reduction of osteolytic response suggests that ovariectomy may have a protective role against particle\u2010induced bone resorption. \u00a9 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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