{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:11:15Z","timestamp":1780582275411,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,29]],"date-time":"2010-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined effects of intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) and a chondrogenic growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein\u20102 (BMP\u20102), on anabolic, catabolic, and other metabolic markers in human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Articular chondrocytes, isolated from femoral OA cartilage and maintained in high\u2010density monolayer culture, were examined for effects of BMP\u20102 and IHP on gene expression of matrix\u2010associated proteins (aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX9) and catabolic matrix metalloproteinases (MMP\u20102 and MMP\u20103) and culture medium levels of the metabolic markers MMP\u20102, nitric oxide (NO), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). The results were analyzed using a mixed linear regression model to investigate the effects of load and growth factor concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IHP and BMP\u20102 modulated OA chondrocyte metabolism in accordance with growth factor concentration independently, without evidence of synergism or antagonism. Each type of stimulus acted independently on anabolic matrix gene expression. Type II collagen and SOX9 gene expression were stimulated by both IHP and BMP\u20102 whereas aggrecan was increased only by BMP\u20102. IHP exhibited a trend to decrease MMP\u20102 gene expression as a catabolic marker whereas BMP\u20102 did not. NO production was increased by addition of BMP\u20102 and IHP exhibited a trend for increased levels. GAG production was increased by BMP\u20102.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirmed the hypothesis that human OA chondrocytes respond to a specific type of mechanical load, IHP, through enhanced articular cartilage macromolecule gene expression and that IHP, in combination with a chondrogenic growth factor BMP\u20102, additively enhanced matrix gene expression without interactive effects. \u00a9 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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