{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:10:54Z","timestamp":1791846654187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,18]],"date-time":"2010-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of loading conditions on the length of primary cilia in tendon cells in situ, freshly harvested rat tail tendons were stress\u2010deprived (SD) for up to 72\u2009h, cyclically loaded at 3% strain at 0.17\u2009Hz for 24\u2009h, or SD for 24\u2009h followed by cyclic loading (CL) for 24\u2009h. Tendon sections were stained for tubulin, and cilia measured microscopically. In fresh control tendons, cilia length ranged from 0.6 to 2.0\u2009\u00b5m with a mean length of 1.1\u2009\u00b5m. Following SD, cilia demonstrated an increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in overall length at 24\u2009h when compared to controls. Cilia length did not increase with time of SD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.329). Cilia in cyclically loaded tendons were shorter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to all SD time periods, but were not different from 0 time controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.472). CL for 24\u2009h decreased cilia length in 24\u2009h SD tendons (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) to levels similar to those of fresh controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.274). The results of this study demonstrate that SD resulted in an immediate and significant increase in the length of primary cilia of tendon cells, which can be reversed by cyclic tensile loading. This suggests that, as in other tissues, cilia length in tendon cells is affected by mechanical signaling from the extracellular matrix. \u00a9 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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