{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:05:05Z","timestamp":1791644705404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rotator cuff musculature imparts dynamic stability to the glenohumeral joint. In particular, the balance between the subscapularis anteriorly and the infraspinatus posteriorly, often referred to as the rotator cuff \u201cforce couple,\u201d is critical for concavity compression and concentric rotation of the humeral head. Restoration of this anterior\u2013posterior force balance after chronic, massive rotator cuff tears may allow for deltoid compensation, but no in vivo studies have quantitatively demonstrated an improvement in shoulder function. Our goal was to determine if restoring this balance of forces improves shoulder function after two\u2010tendon rotator cuff tears in a rat model. Forty\u2010eight rats underwent detachment of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. After four weeks, rats were randomly assigned to three groups: no repair, infraspinatus repair, and two\u2010tendon repair. Quantitative ambulatory measures including medial\/lateral forces, braking, propulsion, and step width were significantly different between the infraspinatus and no repair group and similar between the infraspinatus and two\u2010tendon repair groups at almost all time points. These results suggest that repairing the infraspinatus back to its insertion site without repair of the supraspinatus can improve shoulder function to a level similar to repairing both the infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendons. Clinically, a partial repair of the posterior cuff after a two\u2010tendon tear may be sufficient to restore adequate function. An in vivo model system for two\u2010tendon repair of massive rotator cuff tears is presented. \u00a9 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1028\u20131033, 2011<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T09:05:30Z","timestamp":1297242330000},"page":"1028-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Restoration of anterior\u2013posterior rotator cuff force balance improves shoulder function in a rat model of chronic massive tears"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jason E.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Reuther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Sarver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Soslowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00004","article-title":"Mechanisms of glenohumeral joint stability","volume":"291","author":"Lippitt S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90051-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90295-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B2.7706351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00835"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199506000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199106000-00006","article-title":"Arthroscopic treatment of massive rotator cuff tears. 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