{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:29:02Z","timestamp":1773293342048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]],"date-time":"2011-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20102 (rhBMP\u20102) in spine fusion has led to concerns regarding a potential accompanying inflammatory response. This study evaluates a combination therapy (TrioMatrix\u00ae; Pioneer Surgical, Inc., Marquette, MI) comprised of a demineralized bone matrix (DBM), hydroxyapatite, and a nanofiber\u2010based collagen scaffold in a rodent spine fusion model. Thirty\u2010six athymic rats that underwent a posterolateral intertransverse spinal fusion were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: absorbable collagen sponge alone (ACS, negative control), 10\u2009\u00b5g rhBMP\u20102 on ACS (positive control), TrioMatrix\u00ae, Grafton\u00ae (Osteotech, Inc., Eatontown, NJ), and DBX\u00ae (Synthes, Inc., West Chester, PA). Both TrioMatrix\u00ae and rhBMP\u20102\u2010treated animals demonstrated 100% fusion rates as graded by manual palpation scores 8 weeks after implantation. This rate was significantly greater than those of the ACS, Grafton\u00ae, and DBX\u00ae groups. Notably, the use of TrioMatrix\u00ae as evaluated by microCT quantification led to a greater fusion mass volume when compared to all other groups, including the rhBMP\u20102 group. T2\u2010weighted axial MRI images of the fusion bed demonstrated a significant host response associated with a large fluid collection with the use of rhBMP\u20102; this response was significantly reduced with the use of TrioMatrix\u00ae. Our results therefore demonstrate that a nanocomposite therapy represents a promising, cost\u2010effective bone graft substitute that could be useful in spine fusions where BMP\u20102 is contraindicated. \u00a9 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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