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A 20\u2010mm defect in the median nerve of monkey's forearms was repaired through the simultaneous lengthening of both nerve stumps with original nerve\u2010lengthening device. To evaluate nerve regeneration after neurorrhaphy, electrophysiological, histological, and functional recovery were examined and compared to the standard autografting. Nerve conduction velocity, axon maturation, and the result of functional test were superior in the nerve\u2010lengthening method than in the autografting. And there were no adverse events associated with our method. We concluded that this method is practical for clinical application. \u00a9 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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