{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:07:19Z","timestamp":1789877239774,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial adherence on total joint replacement implants may lead to biofilm formation and implant\u2010related osteoarticular infection. It is unclear if different biomaterials in the prosthetic components are more prone to facilitate this bacterial adherence, although ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) component exchange in modular systems has been clinically utilized in the early management of these infections. To clarify if the amount of clinically adhered microorganisms was related to the material or the component, we investigated retrieved implants from infected joint replacements. Thirty\u2010two patients were revised after confirmed implant\u2010related infection through positive cultures. Eighty\u2010seven total joint components (hip and knee) were obtained and separately sonicated following a previously published protocol. Cultures were quantified, and detected colony forming units (CFU) were adjusted according to the component surface and compared based on the component material and location. Variable adherence of bacteria to chrome cobalt alloys, UHMWPE, hydroxyapatite coated components, and titanium alloys. The commonest isolated organisms were<jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>(23 of 87 components) and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(10 of 87). Twelve components did not show any microorganism adhered despite location in an infected joint, with positive cultures in other components. A mixed linear model adjusted for random effects (the random effect being the infected patient) obtained convergence for the CFU\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>variable, but could not confirm a significantly higher adherence to a particular component or to a particular biomaterial. Therefore, the bacterial adherence primarily depends on the infective microorganism and the response of each individual patient, rather than materials or components. \u00a9 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1634\u20131639, 2012<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T13:28:01Z","timestamp":1333459681000},"page":"1634-1639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Bacterial adherence to separated modular components in joint prosthesis: A clinical 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