{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:11:05Z","timestamp":1791331865470,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]],"date-time":"2012-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dorsal instability of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) of the lesser toes is an important cause of forefoot pain. Both conservative and surgical treatment options have been proposed. However, the role of each static stabilizing structure has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that isolated sectioning of the plantar plate (PP) would result in greater dorsal translation compared to isolated sectioning of the medial collateral ligaments (MCL) or lateral (LCL) collateral ligaments, or the extensor hood (EH), and that combined injury to two or more structures would result in greater dorsal translation compared to isolated PP injury. Fifty\u2010four cadaveric lesser toe specimens were randomized into groups for individual and combined sectioning of the PP, EH, and LCL and MCL. A 30\u2009N axial load was applied to each specimen in the plantar\u2013dorsal direction and dorsal translation of the phalanx was measured for each condition. ANOVA was used to compare groups. A 19% change in MTP translation was found from intact after sectioning the PP. No significant difference in translation was seen after individual sectioning of the EH, MCL, or LCL. A significant increase in translation occurred from intact with the following sectioning combinations: MCL\u2009+\u2009LCL, 37%; EH\u2009+\u2009MCL\u2009+\u2009LCL, 45%; and PP\u2009+\u2009MCL\u2009+\u2009LCL, 63%. Thus, the PP is the main restraint for dorsal MTPJ translation. MCL and LCL have important partial contribution to MTPJ stability. Injury to the PP, individually, or combined injuries to the PP, EH, MCL, or LCL, appear to cause significant instability that may warrant more aggressive treatment. \u00a9 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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