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One hundred sixty Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either the BoNtA or the control (saline) group. BoNtA\/saline\u2010solution was injected into the supraspinatus muscle 1 week prior to surgery. A supraspinatus defect was made; we distinguished between a lesion with normal and increased repair load. Furthermore, one subgroup had the operated shoulder immobilized in a cast. Histologic analysis and biomechanical testing followed. Specimens from the BoNtA\u2010group, which were treated with an increased repair load, showed less cellularity and more organization in the interface tissue compared to the saline control group. In addition, we found that the collagen 1\u20133 quotient in the BoNtA specimen was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0051) higher than in the control group. Ultimate load at failure between the groups was not significantly different (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). We did not observe any significant differences between the mobilized and immobilized specimen (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2079). The study shows that tendon\u2010to\u2010bone healing after rotator cuff repair can be altered positively using BoNtA pre\u2010operatively. Tears with increased repair load seem to benefit the most\u2014at least histologically. \u00a9 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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