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Previous studies investigated only the effects of isolated humeral or glenoid defects on glenohumeral instability. We investigated the effects on shoulder stability of both glenoid and humeral defects in the glenohumeral joint. A computer\u2010based finite element approach was used to model the joint. A generic model was developed for cartilage and bone of the glenoid and humerus, using previously published data, and experiments were analyzed using static analysis with displacement control in the anterior\u2010inferior direction. Simulations were run with a 50\u2010N compressive load in the presence of both isolated and combined defects to analyze reaction forces and distance to dislocation. The distance to dislocation for normal joint was 13.6\u2009mm at 90\u00b0 abduction, which reduced to 9.7, 0, and 0\u2009mm for largest isolated humerus defect, glenoid defect, and certain combined defects, respectively. For combined defects, stability ratio was decreased to 0% from 43%. Our results suggest that in the setting of combined bone defects, stability may be reduced more than what is known for isolated defects alone. \u00a9 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 601\u2013607, 2013<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]],"date-time":"2012-11-19T13:52:16Z","timestamp":1353333136000},"page":"601-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Theoretical model of the effect of combined glenohumeral bone defects on anterior shoulder instability: A finite element approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Piyush","family":"Walia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Miniaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan H.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Fening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300052401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Anterior shoulder instability","volume":"34","author":"Cofield RH","year":"1985","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","unstructured":"WilsonSR. 14 Dec.2009.Dislocation shoulder: Emedicine emergency medicine. 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