{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:14:07Z","timestamp":1790082847227,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]],"date-time":"2013-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics in Brazil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Fracture healing is a complex process influenced by a multitude of factors and expression of several thousand genes. Polymorphisms in these genes can lead to an extended healing process and explain why certain patients are more susceptible to develop non\u2010union. A total of 16 SNPs within five genes involved in bone repair pathogenesis (<jats:italic>FAM5C<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMP4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FGF3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FGF10<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>FGFR1<\/jats:italic>) were investigated in 167 patients with long bone fractures, 101 with uneventful healing, and 66 presenting aseptic non\u2010unions. Exclusion criteria were patients presenting pathological fractures, osteoporosis, hypertrophic and infected non\u2010unions, pregnancy, and children. All genetic markers were genotyped using TaqMan real\u2010time PCR. Chi\u2010square test was used to compare genotypes, allele frequencies, and haplotype differences between groups. Binary logistic regression analyzed the significance of many covariates and the incidence of non\u2010union. Statistical analysis revealed open fracture to be a risk factor for non\u2010union development (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, OR 3.6 [1.70\u20137.67]). A significant association of haplotype GTAA in <jats:italic>BMP4<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and <jats:italic>FGFR1<\/jats:italic> rs13317 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) with NU could be observed. Also, uneventful healing showed association with <jats:italic>FAM5C<\/jats:italic> rs1342913 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Our work supported the role of <jats:italic>BMP4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>FGFR1<\/jats:italic> in NU fracture independently of the presence of previously described risk factors. \u00a9 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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