{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:04:38Z","timestamp":1791201878858,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a degenerative disease resulting in malalignment of the mid\u2010 and hindfoot secondary to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and increasing implication of ligament pathologies. Despite the complex 3D nature of AAFD, 2D radiographs are still employed to diagnose and stage the disease. Computer modeling techniques allow for accurate 3D recreations of musculoskeletal systems for the investigation of biomechanical factors contributing to disease. Following Institutional Review Board approval, the lower limbs of six diagnosed AAFD sufferers were imaged with MRI, photographs, and X\u2010ray. Next, a radiologist graded the MRI attenuation of eight soft\u2010tissues implicated in AAFD. Six patient\u2010specific rigid\u2010body models were then created and loaded according to patient weight, graded soft\u2010tissues, and extrinsic muscles. Model function was validated using clinically relevant kinematic measures in three planes. Agreement varied depending on the measure, with average absolute deviations of &lt;7\u00b0 for angles and &lt;4\u2009mm for distances. Additionally, the clinically favored AP talonavicular coverage angle, ML talo\u20101st metatarsal angle, and ML 1st cuneiform height showed strong correlations of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.63, 0.75, and 0.85, respectively. Thus, computer modeling offers a promising methodology for the non\u2010invasive investigation of in vivo kinematic behavior in pathologic feet and, once validated, may further be used to investigate biomechanical parameters that are difficult to measure clinically. \u00a9 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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