{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:10:05Z","timestamp":1777579805441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRMRP W81XWH-06-1-0136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRMRP W81XWH-06-1-0136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal Orthopaedic Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>This study compared three\u2010dimensional forces in knees containing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft materials versus the native porcine ACL. A six\u2010degree\u2010of\u2010freedom (DOF) robot simulated gait while recording the joint forces and moments. Knees were subjected to 10 cycles of simulated gait in intact, ACL\u2010deficient, and ACL\u2010reconstructed knee states to examine time zero biomechanical performance. Reconstruction was performed using bone\u2010patellar tendon\u2010bone allograft (BPTB), reconstructive porcine tissue matrix (RTM), and an RTM\u2010polymer hybrid (Hybrid). Forces and moments were examined about anatomic DOFs throughout the gait cycle and at three key points during gait: heel strike (HS), mid stance (MS), toe off (TO). Compared to native ACL, each graft restored antero\u2010posterior (A\u2010P) forces throughout gait. However, all failed to mimic normal joint forces in other DOFs. For example, each reconstructed knee showed greater compressive forces at HS and TO compared to the native ACL knee. Overall, the Hybrid graft restored more of the native ACL forces following reconstruction than did BPTB, while RTM grafts were the least successful. If early onset osteoarthritis is in part caused by altered knee kinematics, then understanding how reconstruction materials restore critical force generation during gait is an essential step in improving a patient's long\u2010term prognosis. \u00a9 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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